KMID : 0606920120200030245
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Biomolecules & Therapeutics 2012 Volume.20 No. 3 p.245 ~ p.255
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Mechanisms of Amyloid-¥â Peptide Clearance: Potential Therapeutic Targets for Alzheimer¡¯s Disease
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Yoon Sang-Sun
Jo Sang-Mee-Ahn
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Abstract
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Amyloid-¥â peptide (A¥â) is still best known as a molecule to cause Alzheimer¡¯s disease (AD) through accumulation and deposition within the frontal cortex and hippocampus in the brain. Thus, strategies on developing AD drugs have been focused on the reduc-tion of A¥â in the brain. Since accumulation of A¥â depends on the rate of its synthesis and clearance, the metabolic pathway of A¥â in the brain and the whole body should be carefully explored for AD research. Although the synthetic pathway of A¥â is equally important, we summarize primarily the clearance pathway in this paper because the former has been extensively reviewed in previous studies. The clearance of A¥â from the brain is accomplished by several mechanisms which include non-enzymatic and enzymatic pathways. Nonenzymatic pathway includes interstitial fluid drainage, uptake by microglial phagocytosis, and transport across the blood vessel walls into the circulation. Multiple A¥â-degrading enzymes (ADE) implicated in the clearance process have been identified, which include neprilysin, insulin-degrading enzyme, matrix metalloproteinase-9, glutamate carboxypeptidase II and others. A series of studies on A¥â clearance mechanism provide new insight into the pathogenesis of AD at the molecular level and suggest a new target for the development of novel therapeutics.
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KEYWORD
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Amyloid-¥â peptide, Amyloid-¥â peptide degrading enzyme, Alzheimer¡¯s disease, Clearance, Proteases
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